With this in mind, I would like to tell you the story of perhaps one of the worst scientists to have ever lived. Thomas Midgley Jr. was an ivy league graduate (thanks, Cornell) and mechanical engineer who, despite his training in that specific area, chose to focus in commercial applications of chemistry.

Photo credit: chemcases.com

Five years after graduating from school in 1911, Midgley began work at Dayton Metal Laboratories (sometimes referred to as Dayton Research Laboratories), which was absorbed by General Motors and turned into one of its primary research facilities. Along with his mentor, he had discovered that a combination of lead and sodium when added to chloroethane like so…

4 NaPb + 4 CH₃CH₂Cl –> (CH₃CH₂)₄Pb + 4 NaCl + 3 Pb

…when added to standard gasoline would reduce a phenomenon known as engine knock which was apparently plaguing early motorists.

(My apologies for the chemistry.)

The additive is known as tetra-ethyl lead, sometimes referred to as TEL. It’s what years ago made gasoline “leaded.” Most people know that leaded fuel is bad, but not exactly to what degree. Midgley himeslf in 1923 had to stop all work in his lab and spend some time in Miami for some R&R due to severe lung issues associated with the dangers of working with lead. FYI, here are the effects of lead poisoning according to Wikipedia:

• Excess lethargy, abdominal pain, ^[11] headache.
• Gastrointestinal problems, such as constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, or weight loss, which are common in acute poisoning.
• Neuropathy, such as muscle pain, weakness, tremors, twitches, spasms, or cramps.
• Encephalopathy, which, in extreme circumstances, is characterised by raised intracranial pressure, seizures, comas, or even death.
• Nephropathy, which occurs because the kidneys are the main route of removal of lead from the body. Acute lead poisoning may lead to development of Fanconi syndrome. Chronic lead exposure can lead to a slowly progressive interstitial nephritis. Chronic interstitial nephritis can also develop following an earlier acute lead exposure. Long-term exposure at levels lower than those that cause lead nephropathy have also been reported as nephrotoxic in patients from developed countries that had chronic kidney disease or were at-risk because of hypertension or diabetes mellitus. ^[16]
• Behavioural changes, such as inability to concentrate, hyperactivity, irritability, aggressiveness, mood swings, or insomnia.
• Cognitive problems, such as memory loss.
• Other associated effects, such as metal taste in the mouth, chest pain, anemia, impotence, and other reproductive problems.

An advertisement for Ethyl which appeared in the March, 1932 issue of Better Homes and Gardens. Click to enlarge.

The dangers of working with lead made the entire manufacturing process outrageously hazardous. By 1924, General Motors, Standard Oil (which today is more or less ExxonMobil), and DuPont had created the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation to sell leaded gasoline. Ten factory employees would die of lead poisoning between 1923 and 1924.

Ethyl Corporation headquarters in Virginia (via Flickr)

The company built a new factory in New Jersey (surprise!), but within two months five more employees suffered terrible lead-related brain injuries and eventually death. Remarkably, the company responded to this by stating things along the lines of, “These men went insane because they worked too hard.”

All of these deaths were not great PR for the company or for Midgley, so in a press conference, he poured the straight stuff, TEL, over his hands and then breathed it in for one minute, claiming he could do it every day without harm.

The State of New Jersey shut down the factory several days later and banned the production of TEL without permission by the state.

Midgley required one year of recovery from the publicity stunt.

Leaded gasoline is one of the most significant contributors to atmospheric lead and today, Americans have over 600 times more lead in their blood than those who lived prior to TEL’s introduction. It was banned in the US in 1986, though somehow is still used overseas even today.

Remarkably, Midgley had been made vice president of the Ethyl Corporation since its formation. He was relieved of this position, but remained a GM employee.

His story does not end here though.

In the 1930s, refrigeration technologies were not that great. In fact, refrigerators often used a toxic and combustible combination of gases that had an unfortunate tendency of killing or otherwise severely injuring unsuspecting users. From 1919 to 1980, General Motors also owned Frigidaire, the appliance brand. After the TEL debacle, GM charged Midgley with discovering a safe chemical for use in Frigidaire refrigerators and freezers.

Along with his mentor from Dayton Research who worked with him on TEL, Charles Kettering (the same Kettering of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York), the two set to work on what was to become dichlorodifluoromethane. I’ll space that out for you so you can actually read that: di chloro di fluoro methane. Because chemistry is just full of really long naming protocols, the duo gave the compound the name … Freon, the first chlorinated fluorocarbon, or CFC.

That’s right, the same guy who came up with leaded gasoline also created CFCs, you know, those things that are supposed to be destroying the ozone layer and all that. Talk about the sequel being better than the original. CFCs were banned in the US 64 years after they were developed, in 1994, but given their chemical properties will likely still remain in the atmosphere for quite a number of decades.

For having improved the quality of life so much, Midgley was the recipient of a number of prestigious accolades, including the Priestly Medal, the highest honor from the American Chemical Society, two honorary degrees, induction into the National Academy of Sciences. In 1944, he was named president of the American Chemical Society.

While Midglely was probably not completely aware of the destruction that his creations would wreak upon the earth, his life would end in a glorious amount of karmic irony.

He contracted highly disabling polio at the age of 51 in 1940. Being an inventive sort, Midgley built a rigging of pulleys and ropes which would raise and turn him over in his bed. On November 2, 1944 while trying to use the contraption, he had become entangled in the ropes and was strangled to death.

I think that story wraps itself up quite nicely. It was condensed in a video made for the Live Earth concert events in 2007 in this video:

Neurologist. Yes, there is such a thing as a remote brain surgeon!  A Nevada Hospital is looking for a full-time neurology physician.  Benefits include:  $500 signing bonus; W2 salary; medical, dental, vision insurance; enhanced 401k plan; continuing education allowance; professional dues and licensure allowance; generous vacation/paid time off; paid travel.  Amazing!

Getting paid to wear shirts. In this up and down economy Jason Sadler has started outsourcing wardrobe (namely shirts)! He has been wearing a different shirt everyday in 2009, taking multiple pictures throughout the day, blogging, tweeting, and facebooking all over the internet. You do the math $1, $2, $3…$365! He is making a killing from home!

Metal Music Blogger. Finally get paid to Rock, from home!  This is a great occasional writing gig for a metal music fan who is very knowledgeable about the genre and who (ideally) already attends concerts and festivals. Ever wanted to get paid to talk about music? Here’s your chance!

Hello Kitty Online Community Manager. This full time position is being offered to a knowledgeable and passionate Hello Kitty fan anywhere in the world! Offered by the gaming company, they are hiring an online community manager for all things Hello Kitty.

Magazine publisher, Hugh Hefner. So this list is obviously not in order. Working from the Playboy mansion, with the parties bunnies, cars, pools, animals, and everything else any Playboy could ever want is by far the best work from home job ever! In 1953, Hugh raised $8,000 from 45 investors to launch Playboy. Work clothes: robe!

Toishanese Interpreter. What is Toishanese you ask? Well it is a dialect of Cantonese mainly spoken in and around Taishan, a county-level city situated southwest of Guangzhou on the coast of Guangdong province. Don’t live in or around Taishan? Work from home! International interpretation services hire for tons of different languages, including Spanish, French, German, and some exotic languages like Toishanese too!

Virtual Juror. Did you like being on a jury but hated getting up early and driving to the courthouse? This is for you! Telecommuting Jurors review information, answer attorneys’ questions, and provide feedback on cases. Must be over 18 and a US citizen, but what a sweet gig!

So there you have it. If you’ve always wanted to quit, or just got laid off. There is a job for everyone, and your office can be your couch!

Now, The Pyramid has been around for a few years and few have attempted to outdo it. Until now, sort of. French house DJ, Etienne De Crecy has started putting together another slightly different but nonetheless impressive stage. Sticking to the theme of 3D objects, De Crecy prefers to work with the cube rather than the pyramid:

De Crecy has been in the music biz for a number of years now but is hardly a phenomenon yet. Definitely looking forward to seeing what he can pull off with more fans and more money, though.

Part One: Check-In

I flew from Boston Logan to LAX and am writing this post on my return trip to the east coast. Walking into the terminal, one is greeted with a classy almost club-like atmosphere that continues throughout the journey for the most part

The Self Check-In system is very clean and elegant:

You slide your credit card along the right side of the display and your boarding pass pops out (like toast!) of the small slot to the left.

After check-in varies a bit by airport. At Logan, VA has its own very quick security line leading to two gates. There isn’t much in there and you can’t really leave once you’re through the metal detectors. At LAX, there’s a lot more available to do once you’re inside the gating area. I jumped to the conclusion that VA must treat its employees quite well, as I noticed they all have matching luggage while I was waiting to board:

Part 2: Getting Comfy & Red

OK, so let’s say we’re on the plane. What’s so awesome? Pretty much everything. Let’s start with a tour of  Red. The in-flight “interactive environment” is central to pretty much everything on-board.

There are a few ways to use it, either via the touch-screen at every seat, or by the remote control in each armrest:

View of the remote through the armrest (you flip it open to pull it out) while an announcement was made over the PA system. The display at the top will otherwise display the TV channel that's playing on your screen.

The remote control out of its armrest.

I tend to grasp at gadgets quickly. Too quickly, sometimes. After a minute or so of playing around, it was time for the ultimate airline safety video:

Part 3: In the Air

And we’re off! Let’s finish the tour of Red since it’s not activated until after the safety video. There are a number of modules built into the system. I’ll describe them each in no particular order.

One of the convenient things about VA is that instead of flight attendants running through the cabin every few hours asking if you’d like to buy food or drinks, it’s all done through Red. (They do a single run-through for drinks early on, then it’s up to you). So if you want to get some nosh, bang on “Eat” or hit the corresponding button on the remote with a cake icon on it and look around.  As you can see above, if you’re watching TV, it appears as PIP as you browse the selections.

One of the other neat and unrelated things about the TV part is that if you bring up the program guide, you can tap a show that will air at a later time and it will pop up later with a reminder.

First page of drink selections available through Red. Standard airplane soft drinks are available for free.

Ordering food and drinks is just like shopping online, you pick out what you want, add it to a cart, and then pay by credit card. You can swipe your card on the underside of the display.

It goes without saying that Red’s primary service is for in-flight video:

Things you can watch

TV and Music Videos are free, the rest are a nominal fee. Premium TV includes content like HBO specials.

Besides watching things, there’s also a pretty extensive audio library in addition to satellite radio. You can use the system to create your own playlist too.

There are also games!

Now imagine my surprise when I saw this. Doom? Awesome! Here’s what it looks like:

You can play via the touch screen, which doesn’t really work for Doom, but that’s OK, because if you flip the remote control over, you’ve got a D-pad, action buttons, and full QWERTY keyboard:

Oh,  you can also use it to purchase items through Red with your credit card!  Check it out– I used my MetroCard for show:

There are a plethora of other neat options to play around with, including built in Google maps services with the plane’s current altitude and position, and remaining distance:

So let’s see, what else is there… each group of three seats has two standard 110v power plugs so you don’t need to drop extra cash on a special converter or anything. For those of you equipped with a laptop, that means that you can stay powered for your whole trip. Not only that, you can fly wireless! VA offers wifi access through GoGo for $12.95 per trip. I personally think it would be better to pay for wireless while in the terminal and get it free on the plane too, not so bad though. The speeds are also really great:

There is also really bright LED lighting above each seat instead of the standard incandescent bulbs.

At the end of each flight, I thought it was pretty clever how to wake everyone up, the crew just turns them all on at once. I guess at this point I should also mention that instead of typical white lighting inside the cabin, there’s really cool dark blue and purple mood lighting along the ceiling and walls. It’s like a club in the air.

So that’s it! I’ve loved the experience immensely and highly suggest flying them. It was just $119 from BOS to LAX one-way, grab a flight today at VirginAmerica.com. It’s really great to see that Richard Branson & company has dumped what I can only guess is a ton of money into the Virgin America brand, delivering a first-class experience with an economy price. The stuff they’re doing has to be keeping the folks at Southwest and JetBlue up at night.

The game itself is now abandonware and you can find it here. I’ve been a big fan for a long time and it’s still pretty addictive all these years later.

Last week I was in New York City for some meetings. One of them was at a building on Lexington Ave. The meeting I had was on the 10th floor, so after getting my visitor’s pass, I proceeded to the elevator bank and hopped in an open elevator. I was immediately confused because inside the elevator I saw this:

This was pretty confusing. There were no buttons and I need to get to the 10th floor. I walked out of the elevator and saw this strange little panel outside

I saw this on my way into the elevator cab but dismissed it as some type of security keypad. Little did I realize that in lieu of the standard up/down buttons, this elevator system was unique,  you punch in what floor you want to go to, and it takes you straight to where you need to be, therefore increasing system efficiency.

It’s actually pretty cool– let’s say you’re with people going to the 12th floor and then there are people next to you who want to go to the 5th floor. Instead of sharing one “long” ride with both groups and having to make a stop at the 5th floor, the system will bring 2 elevators, one going to the 5th and one to the 10th. Kind of neat, huh?

So that leaves a tiny question– which elevator are you supposed to get on? At first glance it’s really hard to tell. On my way back down to the lobby after my meeting I noticed this:

It’s pretty subtle, but every elevator tells incoming passangers what floor it’s going to. It takes a sharp eye, but it’s there.

All in all, a very interesting system.

In a way, I wasn’t so surprised. Actually, this is just the most recent in a long line of poorly produced promotional videos for the software giant. Need proof? There’s a decent chance you may have already seen this gem promoting Windows 386 from years ago.

Then there’s this old ad from Japan:

Let’s not forget about this one either:

Sometimes the ads don’t make that much sense:

Sure, there are some decent commercials too. Personally, I’m a huge fan of the Bill Gates and Jerry Seinfeld ads which aired a while ago. I guess I’m just surprised that such a successful company has done such a phenomenal job of mucking up promotions for their own products.

CTIA, the Cellular Telephone Industry Association, as of June, 2008 reports that there are

262,720,165 mobile phone users in the US

Of all these users, there are

240,000,000 phones that can send text messages.

We’re going to take our first leap of faith here and assume that each phone belongs to a different individual. This probably is not the case all the time, but multiple-phone ownership isn’t terribly common yet.

So we’ve got 240 million people who CAN send text messages and as of June, 2008, over 75 billion (that’s right, with a ‘b’) text messages are sent in the US every month

Leap of faith #2: Number of text messages sent per day:

(75,000,000,000 messages/month) / (30 days/month) = 2,500,000,000 messages sent per day = 28,935 messages per second.

Leap of faith #3: Number of people sending messages per day:

(2500000000 messages/day) / (240,000,000 potential users) = 10.416 messages per user per month. Let’s round down for the sake of trying to make up for our estimations.

Maximum amount of data in one text message = 160 bytes

Amount of data sent between 12:00:00 and 12:01:00 = 60 seconds

160 bytes/message * 28,395 messages/second * 60 seconds = 1703700 bytes = 259.96 = 260 megabytes

Now let’s assume that not everyone sent a text message exactly between midnight and 12:01, and I’m sure some people sent the messages just a minute or so before midnight as well.

160 bytes/message * 28,395 messages/second * 60 seconds * 8 minutes = 2 079.71 mb = 2.07 gigabytes of data sent in 8 minutes in the whole US

The last part is important here. Our wireless infrastructure isn’t that amazing yet. We still have to connect by Wifi to get large iPhone apps. Imagine what happens if instead of the whole country sending 2 gigs of data, we have just one quarter of the country sending just as much or more data? You know what happens, because you probably experienced the phenomenon of waiting 20+ minutes to send “Happy 2009!” to your friends.

We didn’t even take into account sending multiple messages, as I and I’m sure many of you did, so the amount of traffic can probably be multiplied by at least 3-5 times to get a semi-kind-of-more-reasnoable estimate.

You probably knew most of this. Sorry for wasting your time.